Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry 30th Edition by Victor W. Rodwell David Bender Kathleen M. Botham Peter J. Kennelly P. Anthony Weil

Author:Victor W. Rodwell, David Bender, Kathleen M. Botham, Peter J. Kennelly, P. Anthony Weil
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2018-11-18T16:00:00+00:00

SUMMARY

The flow of genetic information follows the sequence DNA → RNA → protein.

The genetic information in a gene is transcribed into an RNA molecule such that the sequence of the latter is complementary to that in one strand of the DNA.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA), are directly involved in protein synthesis.

mi/siRNAs regulate mRNA function at the level of translation and/or stability.

The information in mRNA is a continuous array of codons, each of which is three nucleotides long.

The mRNA is read continuously from a start (AUG) to termination (UAA, UAG, UGA) codon.

The open reading frame, or ORF, of the mRNA is the series of contiguous codons, each specifying a certain amino acid, that determines the precise amino acid sequence of the protein.

Protein synthesis, like DNA and RNA synthesis, follows the 5′ to 3′ polarity of mRNA and can be divided into three processes: initiation, elongation, and termination.

Mutant proteins arise when single-base substitutions result in codons that specify a different amino acid at a given position, when a stop codon results in a truncated protein, or when base additions or deletions alter the reading frame, so different codons are read.

A variety of compounds, including several antibiotics, inhibit protein synthesis by affecting one or more of the steps involved in protein synthesis.

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